长期不同施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility

【目的】研究化肥、有机肥对水稻产量、土壤有机质的影响,以及化肥氮磷钾、有机肥氮磷钾提高土壤养分的异同。【方法】依托祁阳站有机无机、肥水稻长期定位试验,分析历史样品及数据。【结果】有机肥与化肥氮磷钾配合施用对水稻高产稳定有显著作用;长期施用化肥和有机肥对提高土壤有机质都有显著作用,但施用化肥只能提高土壤有机质含量至28.1g·kg-1,与试验开始时相比只提高了42%。凡施用牛粪能使土壤有机质平均最高增加到41.6g·kg-1,比试验开始时提高了91%;有机肥氮提高土壤全氮、碱解氮含量的效果优于化肥氮,土壤全氮、碱解氮含量比化肥处理提高了30%和16%。而施入的有机肥磷在土壤中累积较少,土壤全磷、速效磷提高较少,施入的化肥磷在土壤中累积较多,土壤全磷、速效磷含量提高幅度较大。与有机肥相比,化肥提高土壤全磷30%,提高速效磷115%。【结论】有机肥与化肥氮磷钾配合施用对水稻高产稳产和提升土壤肥力有重要的作用。

[ Objective ] The objective of this study was to probe the effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on rice yield, soil organic matter and soil nutrients. [Method] Field investigation and soil sample analysis methods were adopted on a long-term experiment in Qiyang, Station, Hunan province, China. [Result] The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers was an optimum way for high yield and improvement of soil fertility. Application of both chemical and organic fertilizers significantly increased soil organic matter, and application of organic fertilizers increased soil organic matter by 48% compared with the chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizers made a great contribution to improvement of soil total nitrogen and hydrolysable nitrogen than chemical fertilizer N, but less contribution to soil total P and available P than that of chemical fertilizer phosphorus. The organic fertilizer increased soil total N by 30% and hydrolysable N by 16% while the chemical P fertilizer increased 30% more total P and 115% more available P than did the organic fertilizer. [ Conclusion ] Combined use of chemical fertilizer and manure is important for high yield of rice and improvement of soil fertility.