高住高练低训对优秀男子橄榄球运动员心功能的影响

Effects of Living High-Exercise High-Training Low on the Cardiac Function in Elite Male Rugby Players

目的:探讨高住高练低训对优秀男子橄榄球运动员心功能的影响。方法:将14名国家男子橄榄球队运动员随机分成HiHiLo组(n=8)和LoLo组(n=6),进行为期4周的实验。HiHiLo组每晚低氧居住10h(O2浓度:14.7%),每周除正常训练外,还有3次30min、O2浓度为15.4%、强度为72%个体VO2max的功率自行车运动,LoLo组训练方案与HiHiLo组基本相同,但无低氧居住和低氧运动,每周3次的30min功率自行车运动在常氧环境下进行,强度为80%个体VO2max;训练前后用多普勒超声诊断仪测定安静时、不同负荷及恢复时心脏结构和功能指标。结果:训练后两组心脏结构和安静状态下心功能无显著性变化;在负荷运动时,LoLo组心收缩指标SV、EF和心舒张指标E、E/A增大,HiHiLo组减小,且变化值在两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05);LoLo组运动后A、E/A恢复显著快于HiHiLo组(P<0.05)。结论:HiHiLo不利于运动员疲劳状态下心功能的恢复。

Objective To explore the effects of living high - exercise high - training low （HiHiLo） on the cardiac function in elite male rugby players. Methods Fourteen national male rugby players were divided into HiHiLo group （n=8） and living at low altitude-training at low altitude（LoLo） group（n=6）. HiHiLo group stayed in a hypoxic room with oxygen content of 14.7%, 10 hours per night, and trained 3 times per week under the 02 content of 15.4%, with the intensity of 72% of individual VO2max using ergometer for 4 weeks. The training protocol for LoLo group was similar to that for HiHiLo group but not in hypoxic conditions. Cardiac functions were monitored with Doppler echocardiography before and after the experiment. Results After the experiment, no significant differences in cardiac structure and function were demonstrated at rest; but the SV, EF, E peak value and E/A value were significantly en- hanced under loading in the LoLo group as compared with those in the HiHiLo group; furthermore, the recovery of A peak value and E/A value after exercise in the LoLo group were significantly better than that in the HiHiLo group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The HiHiLo seemed to nrevent the recovery of cardiac function in athletes under fatigue.