新疆哈密地区盐湖放线菌的多样性及其功能酶的筛选

Biodiversity and Enzyme Screening of Actinomycetes from Hami Lake

【目的】本研究旨在了解新疆哈密地区盐湖放线菌多样性及产功能酶的特性。【方法】采用含有5%与10%NaCl的4种分离培养基,利用稀释平板涂布法对盐湖土壤样品进行分离;通过形态特征、耐盐性实验、抑菌实验及16SrRNA基因测序的基础上进行系统发育学分析;利用五种筛选培养基定性检测放线菌的产酶活性。【结果】从盐湖土壤样品中分离到63株放线菌,其中中等嗜盐放线菌47株;抑菌活性实验结果表明:23株放线菌对痢疾杆菌和/或其它病原菌有抑菌活性;功能酶筛选结果表明:3株放线菌产蛋白酶、46株产淀粉酶、14株产酯酶、34株产半乳糖苷酶、5株产纤维素酶。16SrRNA基因的系统发育学分析结果表明盐湖放线菌类群比较丰富。【结论】新疆哈密地区盐湖放线菌资源丰富,产酶特性良好,为开发利用极端环境微生物资源奠定了基础。

[Objective] In order to study the biodiversity of actinomycetes isolated from salt lakes in Hami, Xinjiang, and the characteristics of enzymes thereof. [Methods] Soil samples in salt lakes Hami were isolated with 4 isolation media containing 5% and 10% NaC1 （w/v） by dilution-plate method. The activities of lipase, galactosidase, amylase, esterase and cellulose from isolated strains were qualitatively detected by using five selective media. Based on morphological characteristics, test of salt tolerance, antibacterial aetivitity, enzymatic characters and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis. [Results] A total of 63 actinomycetes were isolated from salt lake in Hami, of which 47 strains were halophilic actinomycetes. The antibacterial activity results showed that 23 strains had antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtilis and other pathogens. Three strains produced proteinase, 46 strains produced amylase, 14 strains produced esterase, 34 strains produced galactosidase, and 5 strains produced cellulase. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated relatively rich genotypic diversity among these actinomycetes.[Conclusion] There were abundant actinomycetes resources in the salt lakes in Hami, Xinjiang. The strains had very promising enzyme activities.