英华殿大木结构实测研究

The Survey and Study of the Large Timber Construction of Yinghua Dian

本文在对英华殿大木结构进行详细测量、获取大量较高精度数据的基础上,推算出古代匠人在进行大木尺寸设计中采取以下基本方法:1、本案营造尺长316.5毫米;2、以2尺5寸为基本模数确定柱头平面丈尺;3、采用平面柱头通进深之1/2并结合结构细部设计分别确定檐柱通高、金柱净高;4、以2寸5分为基本模数确定步架;5、采用宋《营造法式》制度确定屋架总举架高,并结合适当的"举架"比例确定各举高度。

On the basis of precise mathematical data obtained from a detailed survey of the large timbers in the structure of Yinghua Dian(Hall),the authors deduce the basic measurement methods used by the hall's ancient builders:1.The architectural rule used in the building's construction was 316.5 cm in length;2.A measure of 2 chi 5 cun was used as the basic matrix number for the square tops of the columns;3.Half of the area of the flat columns was combined with detailed timbers to distinguish the overall height of the eaves and the pure height of the metal columns;4.A measure of 2 cun 5 fen was used as the basic matrix number to determine the bujia;5.The measurements in the Song dynasty text Yingzao Fashi were used to determine the overall lift and height of the ceiling and this was combined with the ratio of the‘structural lift' (jujia)to determine the overall height.