圆明园新证--乾隆朝圆明园全图的发现与研究

New Evidence about Yuanming Yuan:The Discovery and Study of a Complete Map of the Garden Palace Complex from the Qianlong Period

故宫博物院图书馆藏1704号圆明园地盘图是迄今仅见的唯一一张完整记录乾隆朝圆明园盛况的绝世孤本,也是现存圆明园图档中绘制年代最早、使用时间最长、表现内容最丰富、记载变化最全面的国宝级珍贵档案。该图极有可能是清代著名样式雷家族的第三代传人——雷声澂执掌清宫样式房楠木作事务之时,于乾隆四十四年(1779)前后绘制的圆明园本部平面。此后该图一直作为档案图纸使用达半个多世纪之久,几乎囊括了一部全盛时期圆明园的变迁史,是研究圆明园在乾隆、嘉庆、道光三朝发展变化的最权威、最完整的档案记录。

Document 1704 in the Gugong Library,a ground plan of the Yuanming Yuan, is the only extant complete map of the Yuanming Yuan during its heyday in the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.It is also the oldest extant plan of the garden palace,which was in use for the longest period of time.Its contents are rich,being the most precious archive of the complex' s comprehensive changes.This map was most probably drawn up when Lei Shengzheng, belonging to the third generation of the Yang Shilei Family,was responsible for the nanmu timber construction of the imperial palaces,at some time around the year 1779,and this entire ground plan of Yuanming Yuan was consistently used for half a century afterwards,encapsulating a record of the evolution of the palace complex during the height of its splendor.It is the most authoritative and complete archival record for studying the development of Yuanming Yuan during the Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang reign periods.