两宋“尚书省印”之研究回顾暨五项商榷

Reflections on Research on the Song Dynasty‘Shangshusheng'Seals and a Discussion of Five Examples

两宋三省官印中以"尚书省印"对书画鉴藏史最为重要。拙文《存世书画作品所钤宋代尚书省印考》根据风格比对,指出除去同源同构具承传关系,但不完全相同之佛利尔美术馆(Freer Gallery of Art,Smithsonian Institution)藏传张戡《解鞍调箭图》轴、皇家安大略博物馆(Royal Ontario Museum)藏传梁师闵《芦汀密雪图》卷之"尚书省印"外,钤盖于北京故宫博物院藏宋摹刘敞《书秋水篇》(共四钤)、上海博物馆藏宋拓《淳化阁帖》、纳尔逊博物馆(Nelson- Atkins Museum of Art)藏传李成《晴峦萧寺图》轴、克利夫兰博物馆(Cleveland Museum of Art)藏传巨然《溪山兰若图》轴、台北故宫藏传巨然《层岩丛树图》轴等书画之存世八方"尚书省印"均为同印。综合稽考官制史料、考古实物、字口缺损度及南宋题跋、三省官印之紧邻乃至于叠压关系,可归结出此八方尚书省印并非北宋官印,而是一方南宋官印,其钤盖年代约为1141-1183年间。在此基础上,本文撰述之目的在析擘为何此前学界关于此方尚书省印之断代,存在"北宋官印"(1083-1126年间)、"北宋末至南宋初官印"(1083-1129年)、"南宋官印"等之三派论见。藉由对前人论证的逐一析辨,可折射出印鉴断代之五项盲点,暨无法厘清的悬疑论证。

In the Song Dynasty it was a supreme honor for works of calligraphy and painting to bear the‘Shangshusheng'seals,The author in a previous article argued on the basis of stylistic comparison that,apart from those works with a shared provenance and transmission and the slightly different versions of the seal that can be found on one work in the Freer Gallery and another in the Royal Ontario Museum,eight works-four in the Beijing Palace Museum, one rubbing in the Shanghai Museum,one scroll painting in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, one in the Cleveland Museum of Art and one in the Taipei Palace Museum,all bear the same‘Shangshusheng'seal.From a comprehensive examination of historical materials on official posts,archaeological material,philological evidence and Southern Song prefaces and colophons, the author concludes that the eight seals were all official seals of the Southern Song government not that of the Northern Song,and they mostly probably date from the period 1141-1183.The author examines why in the past there have been three different school of thought on the seals in the past-one arguing for the Northern Song period 1083-1126,and other for a transitional period 1083-1129,and another for the Southern Song,and uncovers five errors that appear in the work of identifying seals.