明代“朝班”考述

Ming Dynasty Chaoban

朝班是朝会的基础,也是官员品秩及尊卑等差的直接体现。明初,朝班"专准品级",其后"兼隆侍从",又移于权势,改于因循,出现了"次序参错,班行混淆"的现象。班序的紊乱,直观地反映了政治情势的变迁。本文对明代朝班做了框架式的描述,并且分析了朝班变化的特点以及造成其变化的原因。

Court procedure(chaoban)formed the basis of court gatherings in the imperial palace,as well as being the direct manifestation of differences in rank.At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the chaoban‘exclusively regulated rank',but later it was concerned with attendance;it was altered by power and changed by precedents,and so the phenomenon emerged whereby the hierarchies were confused and court meetings became chaotic.The chaos in court procedure directly reflected political changes.The author describes the outline structure of the Ming Dynasty chaoban and analyses the changes in the characteristics of the chaoban and the reasons for the changes.