冲突与回应:建国初少数民族地区婚姻问题研究——以贵州省为例(1949—1956年)

The Study of Marital Problems in Ethnic Minority Areas During the Period of Founding the PRC:With Guizhou Province as an Example (1949—1956)

建国前贵州少数民族地区的婚姻具有四个异质特征:1.妇女在生产、生活中占有重要的地位;2.除了同宗不婚和特殊的"还娘头"外,相对汉族的"父母之命,媒妁之言",少数民族的婚姻还是比较自由的;3."还娘头"与同宗不婚或同姓不婚;4.通婚禁忌与婚姻神判。建国后在《婚姻法》的冲击下迅速嬗变:1.离婚案件呈上升趋势;2.处理婚姻问题的权利由传统的三老四少转移到国家政府手里;3.对女性是一次重大的解放,从而终于纳入到了国家预设的轨道。

There are four idiosyncratic characters of the marriage in Minority Areas in Guizhou province before the foundation of PRC. First of all, women have played an important role in the production and daily life; Secondly, compared with the Han, the minority is relatively free to choose in the marriage with an exception.. Thirdly, Mother＇s brother has the priority to marry his niece, non-married of the same clan name or non-married of the same surname. Lastly, marriage taboo and marriage umpired by God. Under the impact of the ＂Marriage Law＂, the marital traits in Minority Areas in Guizhou Province have evolved into their modem forms. First, divorce cases are on the rise. Second, the rights to settle the marriage problems have been transferred from the traditional gangs to governments; Third, the Minority＇ marriage has been brought into governance of government, which is a great liberation for women.