秦皇汉武之间的“儒”——兼论“焚书坑儒”与“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”

"Confucianism" Under the Rule of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty and Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty

秦皇汉武之间的儒学、儒生、儒籍处于一种夹缝中求生存的状态,儒家学派更注重于器物层面上的发挥,表现出实用功利性的特征,发生了从儒学到儒术、儒士到儒生、儒籍到儒经、民学到官学的四大转变。这种转变自现实层面来说,仍然缺乏封建帝王实现治平的实践模式,只是发挥了教化和缘饰的作用。自儒学自身发展而言,偏离"道"而求延续的生存方式提升了其学说的地位,使儒学资源在两汉时期得到全面整合,并初步探索了与其他学派融合的途径。

Confucianism, Confucian scholars and book during the Qin and Han periods could only survive in very limited spaces. The Confucians emphasized mainly the instrumental function and went through the process of various changes. The emperors initiated the practical mode of govern the country with Confucianism, stressing the moral teaching and other functions. Confucianism was completely integrated in the West Han Period and got substantially promoted.