论斯宾诺莎的自由观

On Spinoza's View of Freedom

斯宾诺莎把自由与必然统一起来,区分了"强制的必然"(外在的必然)和"自由的必然"(内在的必然),自由就是一种必然,是"自由的必然"。人具有自我保存的本性,每个人都应该保持自己的存在,这是人的自然权利,这种自我保存的力量是人获得自由的基础。人们要成为自由人,就必须依据理性的指导而生活。

Spinoza considers that freedom and necessity do not contradict. Necessity can be divided ＂forceful necessity＂ （external necessity） and ＂free necessity＂ （internal necessity）. Thus freedom is ＂free necessity＂. Human has the nature of self - preserving, and each of us should preserve his or her self - existing. This is the natural right of human. This power of the self - preserving is the basis of obtaining freedom. People, who want to become freeman, must live with rational guidance.