武夷山茶园动物群落的组成结构和多样性

Composition,structure and diversity of animal community in a tea plantation of Wuyishan

2004～2005年对武夷山茶园动物群落进行系统调查。结果表明,茶园动物隶属于3门、8纲、31目、252科、1188种。其中,植食者450种(占总物种数的37.88%)、捕食者323(占27.19%)、寄生者133种(占11.20%)、腐食者230种(占19.36%)、杂食者52种(占4.38%)。在茶园动物群落中,同翅目、疥螨目、柄眼目、鞘翅目为生态优势类群,而柄眼目、直翅目和鳞翅目则为资源优势类群。98.99%的动物物种为稀有种或偶见种,而90.91%的物种为资源次要种。动物群落及植食者、捕食者、寄生者和腐食者的种-多度关系同时符合对数正态分布和对数序列分布,而杂食者的种—多度关系则符合对数序列分布。动物群落及各营养类群的多样性、丰盛度及均匀性都呈现明显的季节消长规律,且其多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)都与物种丰富度和均匀度一致。多样性指数的大小依次为:捕食性类群>寄生性类群>总群落>杂食性类群>植食性类群>腐食性类群;均匀度大小则依次为:寄生性类群>杂食性类群>捕食性类群>总群落>植食性类群>腐食性类群。植食者和腐食者作为空间食物种类资源均能够显著促进群落容纳较多的天敌物种,天敌对这两类群的空间数量跟随效应强,而且捕食者、植食者和腐食者的多样性相互促进。

This paper deals mainly with composition, structure and diversity of animal community based on the outdoor data obtained from a tea plantation of Wuyishan, Fujian, PR China from 2004 to 2005. The results showed that 149,725 animal individuals collected from the tea plantation were identified and. classified into 3 phylums, 8 Classes, 31 orders, 252 families and 1188 species. Composition of the community is 450 （37.88%） species of herbivores, 323 （27. 19% ） species of predators, 133 （ 11.20% ） species of parasitoids, 230 （19. 36% ） species of omnivores, and 52 species （4.38%） of detritivores, respectively. Homoptera, Sarcoptiformes, Stylommatophora and Coleoptera are ecologically dominant groups; Stylommatophora, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera are resource-dominant groups in the community. Most species are occasional and rare species （98.99 % ） , or resource-unimportant species （90. 91% ）. Relationships between species and their abundance can be fitted well by logarithmic normal and/or loga- rithmic series distribution for herbivores, predators, parasitoids and detritivores, but only fitted by loga- rithmic series distribution for omnivores. Diversity, abundance and evenness of the community and trophic groups fluctuated with seasons, and the diversity indexes （ Shannon- Wiener index, H＇） of the community and trophic groups are significantly and positively correlated to their species richness and evenness. The diversity indexes （H＇） is compared among various groups which can be sorted in a order of predators, parasitoids, total animals, omnivores, herbivores and detritivores. The evenness can be ranked in a order of parasitoids, omnivores, predators, total animals, herbivores and detritivores. As resources for spatial food species, herbivores and detritivores would prominently favor the community to support more species of predators and parasitoids. Herbivores and detritivores are spatially followed by predators and parasitoids. Species diversity can be positively interacting among herbivores, predators and detritivores.