三峡库区监测点人群健康状况及其影响因素分析

Study on the health status and affecting factors among people living in the surveillance sites of Three Gorges Reservoir Areas, in 2007

目的了解三峡水库二期蓄水4年后库区人群健康状况及潜在影响因素。方法通过“三峡库区人群健康监测系统”收集三峡库区人群死亡资料、传染病和地方病流行情况以及媒介生物监测资料等信息，对所收集资料进行综合分析。结果循环系统、肿瘤、呼吸系统、损伤中毒和消化系统疾病是引起三峡库区人群死亡的主要病因，五种死因占总死亡例数的90．94％。与水库蓄水有关的介水传染病（甲型肝炎、痢疾和伤寒等）及与虫媒变化有关的自然疫源性疾病均处于较低发病水平。2007年室内、户外鼠密度（3．11％和3．16％）均高于2006年，低于二期蓄水前5年的平均值。黑线姬鼠作为肾综合征出血热病毒和钩端螺旋体的宿主动物，其构成比自2006年（8．16％）起持续增加。畜圈和人房蚊密度高于2006年，但低于二期蓄水前5年的平均值。结论三峡库区蓄水后生态环境的改变尚未对人群健康产生明显影响，应加强媒介生物的监测。

Objective To understand the stage of Three Gorges Reservoir Areas sluicing health status and potential impact resulted in the second Methods Data were collected on deaths, prevalence rates of infectious and endemic diseases, as well as on vector surveillance through the project entitled ‘ Three Gorges Population Health Survey System＇. Results The main causes of death in the population living in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas would include： circulatory system diseases, tumors, respiratory system diseases, injuries/poison and digestive system diseases. The number of deaths caused by the above said five kind of diseases accounted for 90.94% of the total number of deaths. The prevalence rates on Water-born diseases related to the sluicing of reservoir and zoonosis-borne diseases related to the changes of vectors were still low. The indoor and outdoor densities of rodents were 3.11% and 3.16%, both were higher than that in 2006 but lower than the average numbers in the five years prior to the sluicing. The constituent ratio of Apodemus agrarius had constantly risen since 2006. The density of mosquitoes found in livestock barns and human households was higher than that in 2006 but lower than the average number of the five-year studies prior to the sluicing. Conclusion Environment change after the sluicing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas did not seem to have obvious impact on the health status of the people living in the areas. However, to strengthen the surveillance on the biological features of the vectors which might have related to the transmission of diseases would be highly recommended.