北京市城郊居民食品消费观念和行为比较

Comparison of Food Consumption Concepts and Behaviors between Beijing's Urban and Suburban Residents

目的了解北京市城区和郊区居民主要食品消费的观念和行为,并对城郊差异进行比较。方法2007年10—12月随机选择4个时间点(均为下午1时至5时),采用拦截调查的方式对287名到城区(朝阳区)某京客隆超市和307名到郊区(昌平区昌平镇)某美廉美超市购物的居民进行问卷调查,城区和郊区各调查2次。调查内容包括对象的一般情况及购买食品时考虑的因素、各类主要食品的消费观念和行为。结果93.1%的北京居民最常购买食品的地点是超市,47.8%和38.2%的居民分别将"是否安全卫生"和"对健康的影响"作为首要考虑的因素;郊区居民更多考虑"是否安全卫生"(55.0%),城区居民更多考虑"对健康的影响"(44.6%),城郊间首要因素的差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。北京市居民购买最多的鲜肉类是猪肉,城区居民购买"熟肉制品"和"冷冻包子、饺子等食品"的频率明显高于郊区居民,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。纯鲜牛奶和酸奶是北京居民消费最多的牛奶品种,仅有25.0%的居民经常饮低脂或脱脂牛奶,不饮低脂或脱脂奶的主要原因是"不喜欢口味"。只有13.6%的北京居民经常购买低钠盐,城区居民经常购买低钠盐的比例(23.0%)明显高于郊区(4.9%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.001),不买低钠盐的主要原因是"不知道有低钠盐"和"知道有,不知道有什么用"。北京市居民识别高脂肪、高胆固醇食物的能力仍然较低,分别有61.6%和42.3%的居民能识别动物内脏和猪肉胆固醇较高,仅有7.6%的居民知道植物油中脂肪含量最高。结论北京市居民的食品消费观念、食品消费行为和识别高胆固醇、高脂肪食品的能力仍普遍存在问题,需要加强有针对性的健康教育。

Objective To investigate and compare the food consumption concepts and behaviors of Beijing＇s urban and suburban residents. Methods Intercept questionnaire surveys were conducted on 287 urban customers shopping at a Jingkelong supermarket located in Chaoyang district and 307 suburban customers shopping at a Meilianmei supermarket located in town of Changping, Changping district at 2 randomly chosen times （all between 1：00PM and 5：00PM） from October to December 2007 in each supermarket. Results 93.1% of Beijing residents went to supermarket as their primary place for food shopping. 47.8% and 38.2% of residents thought the most important factors considered for their food shopping were ＂food hygiene and safety＂ and ＂its effects on health＂ respectively. Suburban residents were concerned more about ＂food hygiene and safety＂, while urban residents more about ＂effects on health＂ （P〈0.01）. In all purchased type of fresh meat product, perk was the most one by Beijing residents. Urban residents bought ＂cooked meat products＂ and ＂frozen stuffed bun, dumpling＂ more frequently than suburban residents did （P〈0.01）. Pure fresh milk and yogurt were the most consumed milk products. Only 25.0% residents regularly consumed low fat milk or skim milk, but most didn＇t because they didn＇t like the taste＂. Only total 13.6% Beijing residents bought low sodium salt, and the percentage of urban residents who bought it （23.0%） was significantly higher than that of suburban residents （4.9%） （P〈0.01）. The common reasons for not buying low-sodium salt were ＂don＇t know it was available＂ and ＂heard of it, but didn＇t know what it was good for＂. Beijing residents were not fully capable to differentiate food products containing high level of fat and cholesterol. Conclusion There are wide-spread concerns about the food consumption concepts and behaviors as well as the capability to differentiate food products containing high level of fat and cholesterol among Beijing residents. More health educational programs targeted on these specific areas are needed.