2006—2007年深圳市急诊儿童伤害流行病学特征

Analysis on the Epidemic Characteristics of Children Injury Surveyed in Emergency Department from 2004 to 2007 in Shenzhen

目的了解急诊儿童的伤害流行特征,为开展儿童伤害的预防控制工作提供依据。方法分析2006—2007年深圳市医院急诊伤害监测系统中0～14岁儿童患者伤害发生时间、地点、原因及性质等情况。结果16124例急诊伤害儿童的伤害发生性质前5位依次是挫擦伤(占44.41%)、开放伤(占36.10%)、扭拉伤(占12.81%)、骨折(占3.25%)和烧烫伤(占1.49%);儿童伤害发生主要原因依次为跌倒或坠落(占55.24%)、动物伤(占21.49%)、钝器伤(占8.47%)和交通事故(占6.96%);伤害发生主要场所为家中(占53.66%)、公共居住场所(占18.01%)、公路或街道(占11.73%)、学校(占10.70%);儿童伤害发生性别比为1.94∶1,伤害发生的年龄中位数为6岁,随着年龄增加,男女性别比升高。结论伤害逐渐成为儿童的主要健康问题,应积极开展预防伤害的健康教育,提高儿童、家长、教师和社会对儿童伤害的预防知识,减少儿童伤害的发生。

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of injuries of children aged 0-14 yrs. Methods Described analysis was used to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics about the age, gender, injury type and cause in children 0-14 years old who visited in emergency department of hospitals form 2006 to 2007. Results During the study period, 16 124 injured children were collected, the rank of injuries type were contused/abrased wound （44.41%）, open injury （36.10%）, sprain （12.81%）, bone fracture （3.25%） and burn/scald injury （1.49%）; the cause of injuries were fall down （55.24%）, animal injury （21.49%）, blunt injury （8.47%） and traffic injury （6.96%）; The common place of injury occurred were at home （53.66%）, public and resident place （18.01%）, road/street （11.73%） and school （10.70%）. The gender ratio was 1.94, the median age was 6 years, the male injury was decrease with the age increase, but so wasn＇t the female. Conclusion Injury gradually becomes the key health problem and influences the children health. The effective measures should be taken in term of the epidemiology characteristics of the injuries among children at 0-14 to prevent and control injury occurring. The health education of preventing injury occurring and behavior drawback should be conducted as early as possible to raise awareness of injury issues among children in the kindergartens and promote them growing healthily.