低氧训练对大鼠骨骼肌超微结构的影响

Effect of Hypoxic Training on Ultrastructure of Skeleton Muscle in Rats

目的:探讨不同低氧训练模式对机体骨骼肌超微结构影响的机制。方法:选用6周龄SD雄性大鼠120只,采用常压低氧仓以13.6%的氧浓度(相当于海拔3 500 m的氧浓度)进行低氧训练。结果:高住低练后复氧训练组出现空泡变性,肌丝间距离变窄,细胞核内移。持续低氧安静组见到肌节紊乱,局部肌节消失,线粒体增多,细胞核异常改变,核内有染色质凝聚,糖元聚集等异常现象。高住高练后复氧训练与高住高练后常氧安静组相比,核旁和血管旁线粒体数目都明显增多,体积明显增大,线粒体嵴更加清晰,并且表面积明显增加。高住低练后复氧训练和高住低练相比,核旁线粒体体积增大,线粒体嵴紊乱,疏松扩张,有的断裂缺失。血管旁线粒体数目减少,线粒体嵴扩张减小。结论:三种低氧训练方式都能使骨骼肌超微结构发生变化,高住高练和低住高练比高住低练和低住低练更易引起机体失代偿损伤。三种低氧训练方式都使骨骼肌线粒体数目增加,线粒体嵴表面积增加。

The purpose of this study is to probe into the mechanisms of the effect of different hypoxia training patterns on ultrastructure of skeleton muscle. Method： 120 male SD rats of 6 weeks are employed the 13.6% concentration of oxygen （equal to akitude of 3 500 m） in the hypoxic chamber. Resuk： Cells of vacuolar degeneration, distance of myoneme narrowed and core ingression are fotmd in normoxia training group after HiLo. Pathological phenomenas such as vacuolar degeneration, myofibrillar lysis, enlargement of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and hyperplasia of mitochondria are found in LoHi, while in the HiHi group, core ingression, collagen between myonerae infiltrated, even myeloid metaplasia and crystalloid are found. Abnormal cores, vacuolar degeneration of hyalomitome, plenty of crystalline substance, especially bacterial infection are found in the normoxia training group after HiHi. Number of rnitochondrion near the core increases, surface of mitochondrial crista is enlarged; mitochondrion near the vessel increases, surface of mitochondrial crista also is enlarged, and the volume of mitochondrial between muscle fiber is enlarged significantly. Conclusion： all the three hypoxia training patterns （HiHi, HiLo, and LoHi） can induce changes in ultra structure of skeletal muscle.