基于不同安全性的机场净空区障碍物管理方法研究

On the methods of obstructions management based on security in the airport clearance area

为解决净空区障碍物安全性评价中没有定量指标的问题,通过对调研资料的分析,建立净空区障碍物安全性指标体系及评价模型,在定量评价障碍物安全性的基础上对障碍物进行安全等级划分。为制定更合理的障碍物限制高度,以实测数据为依据,首次提出了净空安全系数概念,并在分析安全系数概率分布规律的基础上,提出了基于不同风险性的各类机场的净空安全系数,从而确定不同风险条件下各类机场的障碍物限制高度。

In this article, we have brought about a model on how to manage the obstructions in the airport clearance area. As is known, the obstruction in the airport clearance area is one of the chief security indexes for qualitative evaluation in Chinese airport management, but there is no quantitative index, which seems to be unreasonable. Seeing the need, we suggest classifying the obstruction objects into three grades. In airport engineering, if an obstruction influences the aircraft flight, it should be described as both a qualitative problem as well as a quantitative one. It is also unscientific to define the same limited height for all airports, for different airports have different flight control characteristics. Focusing on this situation, we have set up an innovated evaluation index system, including all the influential factors both of qualitative nature and of quantitative nature. With the improved method, all obstructions can be managed more scientifically and reasonably than before. Next, based on the testing data, we have put forward the idea of clearance safety factor which indicates the relation between limited height and its safety altitude. In addition, according to the statistical theory, it can be found that the probability distribution of the safety factor should abide by the distribution of extremum, and with the distribution of the safety factor, it is possible to work out the hazards likely to be caused by the different obstructions in the airport clearance area so that an innovated method can be formulated to hmit the heights of the obstructions. Furthermore, different safety factors can be used in different airports according to their different flight missions and their own comprehensive flight characteristics. Thus, it can be seen that our research and methods on the safety evaluation on the obstructions in the airport clearance area make up the traditional management methods both in theory and practice.