抗菌生物材料的研究进展

Biomaterials with Antibacterial Properties

生物材料的感染限制了生物材料的进一步应用。细菌在材料表面粘附、生长成细菌生物膜是生物材料相关感染难治的根本原因。因此,最有效的解决方法是防止细菌生物膜的形成。本文对目前抗菌生物材料的研究现状进行综述,提出目前防止细菌生物膜生成的方法主要有三种:抗细菌粘附的方法;杀菌的方法及二者相结合的方法。在设计抗粘附生物材料时,除了考虑材料表面的化学结构外,也要考虑材料的表面拓扑结构及材料的本体性能对细菌粘附的影响;在设计杀菌的生物材料时,不但要考虑杀菌性能,也要考虑杀菌剂对材料血液相容性的影响。总的来说,抗粘附的方法及杀菌相结合(多重抗菌)的方法是可望解决生物材料感染的一条新方法。

Biomaterials centered infections （BCI） remain one of the drawbacks of the extended using of these materials. Bacteria can adhere to and growth on the biomedical implants and devices and then formed a biofilm, which offers bacteria protection against the host immune system and antibiotics. An effective way to deal with this problem is to prevent the formation of an infectious biofilm on the biomaterials surfaces. The strategies to prevent the biofilm formation were discussed in this article. There were three strategies to prevent the biofilm formation, i. e. the prevention of bacteria adhesion, kill the bacteria adhered on the biomaterial＇, and the cooporation of the former two strategies （multiply antibacterial strategy）. In the design of anti-adhesion biomaterials, in addition to the chemical structure of biomaterial surface, the effect of the material surface topology and bulk properties on bacterial adhesion should also be in consideration;in the design of the biocidal biomaterials, in addition to the biocidal Performance, blood compatibility of this material should be take consideration. On the whole, The multiply antibacterial strategy may be an effective way to solve the BCI problem.