大豆抗烟粉虱的鉴定体系研究

Identification System of Resistance to Whitefly in Soybean

2004年和2007年分别在济南、冠县两地对419份国内外大豆品种资源进行了抗烟粉虱鉴定,综合分析2年3点自然虫源条件下各品种的鉴定结果和各种抗性鉴定指标之间的关系,发现大豆感染烟粉虱的数量虽然受环境因素影响较大,但特定品种的相对抗性表现稳定;筛选出滑皮豆等4个高抗和齐黄26等4个高感烟粉虱的标准品种,确定了以烟粉虱若虫为调查对象,以单叶感染烟粉虱若虫的平均数为抗性评价指标,以标准品种该指标为参照,当该指标<(a+d)时为高抗、≥(a+d)～<(a+3d)时为抗、≥(a+3d)～<(a+5d)时为中间、≥(a+5d)～<(a+7d)时为感、≥(a+7d)时为高感,其中d=(b-a)/8,a、b分别为4份高抗和4份高感标准品种单叶烟粉虱的平均数。同时确定了顶部叶片为有限结荚习性品种的有效调查叶位,中上部叶片为亚有限和无限结荚习性品种的有效调查叶位。

Whitefly （Bemisia tabaci Genn.） is an agricultural pests with wide occurrence, severe harm, strong virulence in soybean around the world. The effective way to breed resistant soybean varieties to whitefly. The objective of this study was to establish an identification system of whitefly on soybean using 419 foreign and Chinese soybean germplasm in Jinan and Guanxian in 2004 and 2007. The relationship between different resistance indices was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the resistances to whitefly determined by the mean of whitefly nympha per leaflet （MWPL） was significantly different at different locations and in different years, but relatively consistent for the most varieties. Four varieties with high resistance including Huapidou, Dongxuan 1, Hedou 12, and Henghe, and four varieties with high susceptibility consisting Qihuang 26, Ludou 10, Ludou 12, and Qihuang 28 were screened as the standard varieties. The resistant criterion was made as follows： when MWPL 〈（a＋d）, the resistance of soybean variety was high resistant; ≥ （a＋d） to 〈（a＋3d） was resistant; 〉1 （a＋3d） to 〈（a＋5d） was medium; 〉1 （a＋5d） to 〈（a＋7d） was susceptible; and 〉（a＋7d） was high susceptible. Meanwhile the results revealed that top leaves were suitable for the resistance identification of determinate soybean varieties, and middle leaves for that of semi-determinate and in-determinate soybean varieties.