不同生态棉区棉花单铃重构成因子的特征

Characteristics of Components for Cotton Single Boll Weight in Different Ecological Regions

为了解棉花单铃重及与其构成因子间在数量上的变化规律,阐明新疆棉花单铃重较高的内部原因,以不同生态棉区选育的棉花品种为试验材料,分别在新疆库尔勒、石河子和河北南宫市3地种植,分期播种,并在不同生育期对相应部位棉铃挂牌标记,吐絮收获后,对所标记棉铃统一考种,测定单铃重及短绒重、每粒种子着生纤维根数等构成因子。结果表明,棉花单铃重以南疆棉区最高,除短绒重和每粒种子着生纤维重在北疆棉区略高外,其他铃重构成因子均以南疆棉区最高,河北棉区最低。单铃重、单铃纤维重、每粒种子着生纤维总重及每粒种子着生纤维重均与其相应的构成因子显著正相关。除衣分和单铃种子数表现为北疆自育早熟品种略高于内地引进早中熟品种外,单铃重及其他单铃重构成因子均表现为内地引进早中熟品种高于北疆自育早熟品种。单铃重构成因子均以新疆2个棉区较高,除生态因素影响外,这是新疆棉区,特别是南疆棉区单铃重较高的主要内部因素。

Cotton production plays an extremely important role in the local economy, and the income from cotton is one of the major finance for farmers in Xinjiang. The cotton production of Xinjiang that is the biggest cotton production base in China has been rapidly developed since 1990s, and the sowing area, yield per hectare and total yield of cotton all rank first in China. The objective of this study was to analyse the cotton single boll weight and its components, and explore the mechanism of getting a higher single boll weight. The same cotton cultivars bred in different eco-regions were planted in northern Xinjiang （Shihezi）, southern Xinjiang （Kuerle） and Huanghuaihai cotton region （Nangong） at the different sowing dates. The cotton boll of the fruit branch was labeled in different growth stages and the cotton single boll weight and its components were determined after the labeled cotton boll opened and harvested. The results showed that cotton boll weight grown in southern Xinjiang was the highest among three cotton eco-regions. The components of single boll weight except linter weight and lint gross weight were higher in southern Xinjiang than in the other cotton eco-regions. There were positive correlations between single boll weight, fiber weight per boll, lint gross weight per seed, lint weight per seed and their components. The components of single boll weight except lint percentage and seed number per boll of early-middle-maturing cultivars bred in Huanghuaihai cotton region were higher than those of early-maturing cultivars bred in northern Xinjiang. The components of cotton single boll weight in Xinjiang were higher than those in Huanghuaihai cotton region. Besides climatic-ecologic factors, these results above may indicate the major reason of causing higher single boll weight in Xinjiang, especially in southern Xinjiang.