封育对山地草地植被及土壤特性的影响

Influences of fencing on vegetation and soil properties in mountain steppe

对天山北坡中段封育山地草地的植被以及土壤特性进行分析,结果表明：1）与自由放牧区相比,封育后植物恢复显著。山地草地植物群落生物量、高度、盖度均明显提高。2）改善了土壤的物理性质。封育区土壤表层2.5 cm处紧实度增大,5～15 cm土层紧实度减小;3）提高了土壤养分的含量。封育措施对土壤速效氮和速效钾的影响不显著,但能够显著提高土壤有机质（14.8%）和速效磷（68.3%）含量,草地恢复过程中的限制因子是速效磷。由此可看出,封育措施有利于草地生态环境的恢复,是遏制草地退化的有效措施之一。

The influences of fencing on vegetation and soil properties of typical steppe located on the middle section of northern slope of Tianshan Mountain were studied.The results showed that compared with nn-fenced stepped,1） the aboveground biomass,height and coverage of fenced steppe were obviously increased;2） the soil physical properties were improved and the soil compaction was increased at 2.5 cm depth,whereas the compaction was decreased within 5 to 10 cm;3） the contents of soil nutrient contents were increased.The content of soil organic matter was significantly increased by 14.8% and the available phosphorus content was significantly increased by 68.3%.But the contents of available nitrogen and potassium were not significantly increased.So,fencing was the proper way for the restoration of the grassland ecological environment.