云南大型真菌提取物及其多糖组分对TMV的抑制作用

Inhibition Effects of the Extracts and Polysaccharide in Macrofungus on TMV

对采自云南的17种大型食用真菌子实体的浸提液及其多糖组分,用半叶法在心叶烟上分别从预防(施用提取物24 h后接种病毒)、钝化(提取物与病毒混合后接种)、治疗(接种病毒24 h后施用提取物)3个方面进行抗TMV活性检测。结果表明,16种食用菌子实体的浸提液对TMV有较好的预防和钝化作用,预防效果最好的真菌为火碳菌,预防效果达到99.95%。火碳菌、奶浆菌、扫把菌、白奶浆菌、美味牛肝菌、黄虎掌、黄牛肝、黑虎掌、冬瓜菌、红乳菇、北风菌的水浸液对TMV的钝化效果均在80%以上。火碳菌、青杆菌等9种食用菌的多糖组分与其子实体浸提液对TMV的抑制效果相似,表明其多糖组分具有抑制TMV的主要活性成分。实验真菌的治疗效果总体不如钝化效果明显,治疗效果在70%以上的有扫把菌、黄虎掌和冬瓜菌。其中,火碳菌和黄牛肝等对TMV抑制效果较好的食用菌及其多糖可作为环保型农药及生物保健产品的开发对象。

The inhibition effects of polysaccharide and aqueous extracts from 17 kinds of marcrofungus to the infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus （TMV） on Nicotiana glutinosa were conducted. The extracts or polysaccharide solution were applied to N. glutinosa at three different stages, i. e. pre - inoculation （24 hour before virus inoculation）, co-inoculation （mixed with virus inoculation）, post-inoculation （24 hour after virus inoculation）. The results indicated that the aqueous extracts from 16 marcrofungus showed inhibition activity in vitro at the pre-inoculation treatment, mixed-inoculation treatment to TMV. The best one was Russula densifolia Gill. at the preventing treatment and its inhibition percentage was 99. 95%. The aqueous extracts from Russula densifolia Gill, Lactarius rugatus Kuhner ＆ Romagn, Ramaria hemirubella R. H. Petersen ＆ M. Zang, Lactarius vellereus （Fr. ： Fr. ） Fr. , Boletus edulis Bull. ： Fr. , Albatrellus ellisii （Berk.） Pouzar, Boletus speciosus Frost, Sarcodon aspratum （Berk.） S. Ito, Lepista nuda （Bull. ： Fr. ） Cooke, SuiUus thibetanus （Pat.） Tai comb. nov, Lyophyllum shimefi （Kawam.） Hongo also had obviously inhibition activity; the inhibition percentages were all above 80% at the deactivating treatment. The polysaccharide of nine kinds of marcrofungus showed the similar inhibition activity to TMV as their according extracts, which meant that polysaccharide played a major role inthe inhibition activity to TMV in these marcrofungus. The treating effect was not as good as the deactivating effect and the inhibition percentage of R. hemirubell, A. eUisii, L. nuda were over 70%. R. densifolia, B. speciosus and their polysaccharide which show more effective TMV inhibition activity can be used to develop new type of virus inhibitor or healthy medicine for human.