亚高山草甸土青稞肥料效应与优化施肥研究

Optimal NPK Fertilization and Its Effect on Naked Barley Yield in Sub-highland Region

采用三因素五水平二次正交回归设计和田间小区试验,研究亚高山草甸土青稞的肥料效应,并建立肥料效应数学模型。结果表明:在该试验条件下,氮、磷、钾肥施用对青稞产量都有明显的增产作用,其肥料效应顺序为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。利用计算机对数学模型直接摸拟法寻优,青稞最高产量3909 kg/hm2,施肥量分别是氮(N):120 kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)120 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)99 kg/hm2。最佳利润施肥量分别是氮(N):30 kg/hm2;磷(P2O5)30 kg/hm2;钾(K2O)30 kg/hm2。

Optimal fertilization is imperative in increasing both naked barley （Hordeum vulgare var. nudum hook. f. ） yield and fertilizer efficiency in highland region. Field trials were conducted in a highland meadow soil at Zhongdian County, Yunnan province to study the optimal fertilizer rates of nitrogen （N）, phosphate （P） and potassium （K） and their effect on highland barley （H. vulgate）. The experimental design was an orthogonal rotational combination of 3-factors （ N, P and K） and 5-levels. The regression equations were developed to determine the relationship between N, P, K rates and barley yield; and the relationships of N, P and K rates with their effects on the yield. The results showed that, N, P and K fertilization increased barley yields significantly. The fertilizer response order was K 〉 P 〉 N. Based on the mathematical model calculation and regression analyses, the highest yield of 3 909 kg/hm^2 was obtained when fertilizer rates were N 120 kg/hm^2, P2O5 120 kg/hm^2 and K2O 99 kg/hm^2, respectively. The fertilizer rates for maximum profit were N 30 kg/hm^2 , P2O5 30 kg/ hm^2 and K2O 30 kg/hm^2, respectively.