为个人主义奠定社会基础——读涂尔干《宗教生活基本形式》

The Social Basis for Individualism ——Review on "The Elementary Forms of Religious Life"

《宗教生活基本形式》是涂尔干超越早年的"社会本体论",向"社会个人主义(道德个人主义)"转变的一部重要作品。涂尔干从"澳洲的图腾制度"入手,考察了一个类似于《圣经.利未记》的部落社会。他在坚持"社会统摄个人"的基本立场的同时,也在讨论灵魂问题时贯彻了"社会只有通过个体意识才能存在"的原则,试图能为现代处境中"失范"的个人主义重新找到"社会化"和构建新的社会秩序的可能。

The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is one of important works of Durkheim, in which he finished the transition from ＂social ontology＂ to ＂social individualism＂ （moral individualism）. Durkheim analyzed ＂the system of totem in Australia＂, examined a tribal society similar to the one in Bible＂ Leviticus. Insisting on his basic standpoint ＂society unifies individual＂, Durkheim also followed the principle of ＂society can exist only through individual＂ in the investigation of soul , and attempted to pick up the possibility of socialization for individualism in anomie, as well as the new social order.