小麦全蚀病抗性鉴定方法的优化及抗源筛选研究

Optimization of identification technique and germplasm screening of resistance to take-all in wheat

【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。

[Objective] The purpose of this paper was to find an effective way to identify disease resistance and to screen materials resistant for breeding of resistance to take-all in wheat. [Method] Identifica- tion techniques for take-all were evaluated by using Ningchun 4 as material, and different wheat germ- plasms were identified by using disc and granule from the pathogen culture for the disease resistance by surveying the percentage of diseased stem and root, and severity level. Disease resistance to different hered- ity background in 22 wheat materials was identified for screening resistant materials. [Result] The results showed that the combination of the disc and granule of the fungus （disc＋granule） was much better in effects to test take-all fungus to Ningchun 4 than to use the disc or granule separately. The percentage of diseased root, severity level and the percentage of diseased stem were 100.0% ,57.3% and 28.6%. There was big difference among the 22 different materials in the disease resistance. Translocation lines Pm97033 showed the highest resistance in reaction than others. The percentage of diseased root and severed level were 11.3% and 5.4% ;substitution lines WanT107 showed medium resistance to the fungus,the percent- age of diseased root and severity level were 21.4% and 10.6% ;F5 generation of common wheat with TH1 showed higher resistance to take-all fungus than the F5 progenies of common wheat with Aegilops tauschii or the other common wheat varieties. [Conclusion] The method of disc＋granule is a better way to identify resistance to take-all in wheat;TH1 is a good material for the breeding of resistance to take-all in wheat.