大气中粉尘颗粒物对支气管肺泡上皮影响的实验研究

Research on the effect of air particles and pollutants on bronchus and alveolus epithelium

目的探讨大气污染物对呼吸道的病理变化,为预防大气污染对人体健康的损害提供理论依据。方法采用模拟大气污染方法,用大鼠制备大气污染物模型,对大鼠气管、肺进行透射电镜及气管扫描电镜检查。结果大气污染大鼠动物模型的气管、肺与对照组相比,实验组气管及肺泡上皮有渐进性损伤,且随量的蓄积损伤逐渐加重,最终发生肺实变。结论吸入的污染粉尘可造成气管及肺泡上皮的渐进性损伤,形态学变化与吸入粉尘的量呈一致性,并随吸入量的累积而逐渐变得严重,最终变为肺实变,残留肺组织为代偿性气肿。

Objective To explore the pathologic changes of respiratory tract caused by air complex pollution and provide the thcory basis for preventing the damage of air pollution to human health. Method Animal model of rat was made by poisoning rats with simulated air pollutants. The rats＇ tracheas and lungs were examined by transmissionelcctron microscope and trachea scanning electron microscope. Result The tracheas and lungs of the experimental rat models were compared with those of the control group. There were gradual damage in the tracheas and lungs of the experimental rats, which was ingravescent along with the accumulation of air particles, and finally resulted in pulmonary solidification. Conclusion The gradual damage in the trachea and lung could be caused by particle pollutants inhaled. The morphological change is consistent with the particle amount. The damage is ingravescent with the increasing amount of the particles inhaled, which results in pulmonary solidification at last. The residual lung tissue would suffer from compensatory emphysema.