从《尚书》看周代思想中的天与王朝更迭

Heaven and the Change of Dynasties in the Chou Thought according to Shu Ching

周人的理论中,天是一个至上的神。《尚书》最频繁的涉及天的功能是赏与罚,而这种功用主要是针对夏、商、周三代的。君主顺应天意,任用有德行的臣子就会得到天的眷顾而获得天命,得到帝国的人民与领地;反之,天就会降与惩罚,将天命转给一个新的有德之君,一个新的王朝。

In Chou people＇s ideological interpretation, T＇ien is a supreme deity. The most frequently mentioned function of T＇ien in Shu Ching is that of punishment and reward, which are directed towards the Shia, Yin and Chou. Heaven＇s reaction was favourable when the king acted through virtuous assistants, and ＂used their bright virtue＂. Heavenly favour ordained that the people and the territory of the Central Kingdom be delivered to the hand of king. Contrarily,Heaven will give the mandate to rule to a new virtuous king and a new dynasty.