惯例:一把打开企业“黑箱”的钥匙

Convention:A Key to Open the Business "Black Box"

企业"黑箱"问题的实质是企业理论对企业内部组织方式、生产性行为的解释力问题。新古典经济学和新制度经济学理论都没有打开企业的"黑箱"。本文以演化的观点,通过对组织惯例的分析,回答了"黑箱"中关于企业成长和企业异质性的两个基本问题。进而通过对惯例与组织知识、能力、关系和契约之间的相互关系的深层剖析,揭示了惯例的双重性,即认为惯例既具有契约性又具有生产性,是沟通企业契约理论和知识能力理论的桥梁。从而指出了惯例在整合现有企业理论过程中的重要作用,强调了惯例研究对发展企业理论的意义。

The essence of the ＂black box＂ issue is whether the business theory can explain the inner structures and productive operations of the business ventures. Neither the theory of the neoclassic economics nor the theory of the neo-institutional economics can open the business ＂black box＂ . Taking the view of evolution and through an analysis of the organizational conventions, this paper tries to answer the two basic questions about the growth and heterogeneity of the business ventures in the ＂black box＂ . Based on this, it conducts a deep anatomy of the relationship between convention and the organizational knowledge, ability, relation and contracts. It also reveals the duality of the convention, i.e. it contains both the nature of contract and the nature of production, bridging the theories of contract and theories of knowledge ability of the enterprises. Then it points out the important function of convention in the process of integrating the existing business theories and stresses the significance of convention studies to the development of business theories.