基于Shapley值和相同利润增长率的供应链协调策略

Supply Chain Coordination Strategy Based on Shapley Value and the Same Profit Increase Rate

基于单一制造商和单一零售商构成的两级供应链系统,在非线性市场需求下,通过非合作博弈和联合定价两种决策方法,给出了两种不同的定价策略,得出联合定价不仅可使系统达到最优,而且消费者也从中受益。针对联合定价策略,分别运用Shapley值法和相同利润增长率两种形式对合作带来的系统增益进行了分配,并首次对两种分配策略进行了对比分析。结果发现,当制造商为核心企业时,若非合作时制造商的利润小于零售商,则采用Shapley值法进行分配对制造商更有利;相反,若非合作时制造商的利润大于零售商,则采用相同的利润增长率进行协调对制造商更有利。最后,对协调策略进行了进一步的拓展,并通过实例进一步对各种情形下的定价和利润分配策略进行了对比验证。

The system of supply chain between the manufacturer and the retailer is studied in this paper. The price decisions are analyzed by non-cooperative game theory and cooperative pricing under the condition of nonlinear demand functions. With regard to cooperative pricing strategy, profit distribution method is given with Shapley value and profit increase rate. Shapley value method is better than profit increase rate if the manufacturer is the core enterprise in supply chain and its profits is less than that of the retailer; applying profit increase rate method is propitious to the manufacturer if the manufacturer is the core enterprise in supply chain and its profits is more than that of the retailer. Finally, coordination strategy is generalized further. An example is given to verify the pricing strategy and profit distribution.