论古今汉语词类活用的不同本质

The Different Nature of the Word Conversion in Ancient Chinese and Modern Chinese

现代汉语的活用主要是修辞现象,而古汉语的活用却主要是"词汇–语法"现象。(1)古汉语词类"活用"是汉语发展早期词汇贫乏引起的造词现象。(2)古汉语词类"活用"对句法结构的高度依赖性,是语言早期句法结构相对简单引起的。(3)词类活用现象的逐渐减少,其原因主要来自于语言系统内部:1)词汇的日渐丰富导致词汇–语义系统演变;2)句法结构向复杂化的方向演变。(4)通过词类活用现象我们看到古今汉语追求经济性的途径是不一样的。

By comparing ancient and modem Chinese, we think the word conversion in modern Chinese is mainly a rhetoric phenomenon but in ancient Chinese is a lexical-syntactic phenomenon. （1） The word conversion is a lexical formation procession because of the lexical poverty in the ancient Chinese. （2） The word conversion highly relies on the syntax structure in ancient Chinese. （3） The word conversion is gradually declined until now because of the systematic development of ancient Chinese： 1） the lexical increase results in the lexical-semantic development; 2） syntax structure is more and more complicated. （4） There are different ways to get to the economic effect between the ancient and modem Chinese. The paper claims we should differentiate among the ancient and modem Chinese in the combination with grammar and rhetoric.