三峡建坝影响长江中下游江滩地区血吸虫病流行因素的类比分析

ANALOGIC IMPACT OF THREE GORCES DAM TO SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION IN BEACH REGIONS OF MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES

对陈村、阿斯旺水库的血吸虫病疫情演变过程及影响因素的分析表明，修建人工水库引起血吸虫病流行和疫情蔓延的主要原因是：修建人工水库直接和／或间接地影响自然环境、社会经济结构的改变，从而导致了媒介螺蛳的繁殖扩散、农业人口的增加和外来传染源的输入。从三峡水库运行后长江中下游水位和泥沙变化趋势对血吸虫病流行因素影响的角度分析，三峡建坝后，长江中下游江滩有螺面积和该地区人群接触疫水的人数、时间及频次将可能有所增加，这将对该地区血吸虫病流行的防治产生负面影响。但三峡水库与阿斯旺、陈村水库在其库容、地理位置、功能等方面迥然不同，因此，对河流的生态、自然环境的影响也存在极大差异，对血吸虫病流行的影响可能不如阿斯旺、陈村水库那样明显。

In the paper ,impact of planned Three Gorges Reservoir to schistosomiasis transmission has been made by anologic analysis with Aswan Reservoir, Egyptand Chen Cun Reservoir, Anhui, China .The construction of Three Gorges Reservoir will inevitably results in extending of snail habitat area and higher frequency of water contacting among villigers in beach regions of middle and lower reaches. But based on the differences in capacity, geographic characteristic and function among the three reservoirs ,the authors suggested that the impact to ecology, natural environment as well as schistosomiasis, transmission would not be remarkable in Three Gorges Reservoir as in the other two reservoirs.