山核桃仁油中脂肪酸组成的分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation on Fatty Acid Composition of Hickory Nut Oil

[目的]分析山核桃仁油的脂肪酸组成,为其开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]以山核桃仁油、红松籽油、接骨木油和橄榄油为材料,利用GC/MS对各油脂肪酸组成进行比较,找出山核桃仁油的特色。[结果]共鉴定出山核桃仁油中的5中化合物,即亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其含量分别为63.48%、19.90%、11.96%、3.31%和1.35%;山核桃仁油中n-6：n-3脂肪酸比例为5.31,与我国推荐的n-6∶n-3脂肪酸比例（4-5）∶1非常接近;山核桃仁油中饱和脂肪酸：单不饱和脂肪酸：多不饱和脂肪酸为1∶4.3∶16,多不饱和脂肪酸含量偏高,但多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括亚油酸和a-亚麻酸,均为人体必须脂肪酸。[结论]山核桃仁油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,n-6∶n-3脂肪酸比例合理,具有很高的开发价值。

[ Objective ] The study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of Hickory nut oil, and provide the theoretical basis for its developing and utilization. [ Method ] With Hickory nut oil, korean pine seed oil, Sambucus oil and olive oil as the materials, their fatty acid composition were compared by GC/MS and the characteristics of Hickory nut oil was fonnd. [ Result] 5 compounds in Hickory nut oil were identified, and they were linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, palrnitic acid and stearic acid, and their contents were 63.48%, 19.90%, 11.96%, 3.31% and 1.35% resp. The fatty acid ratio of n-6 to n-3 was 5.31, which was close to that of recommended by China （4 -5）： 1. The ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acidand polyunsaturated fatty acids in .Hickory nut oil was 1：4.3：16, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was slightly higher, but it mainly contained linoieic acid and a-linoleic acid, which were inevitable fatty acid to human body. [ Conclusion] The content of unsaturated fatty acid in Hickory nut oil was high, and the fatty acid ratio of n-6 to n-3 of it was reasonable, so it had high development value.