广西苗族和瑶族15个STR位点的遗传多态性比较

Polymorphic diversity at fifteen short tandem repeat loci in Miao and Yao nationality from Guangxi

目的了解广西苗族和瑶族15个常染色体短串联重复序列（D2S1338、D3S1358、D5S818、D7S820、D8S1179、D13S317、D16S539、D18S51、D19S433、D21S11、CSF1PO、TPOX、TH01、vWA、FGA）的遗传多态性，探讨它们在苗族和瑶族之间的差异。方法随机抽取苗族和瑶族无关个体静脉血抗凝冻存，提取DNA，采用PCR-STR基因扫描识别技术，获得广西苗族和瑶族15个STR位点的基因型，统计出它们的遗传学参数，比较苗族和瑶族之间的差异。结果（1）15个STR位点，广西苗族检出445个基因型，148个等位基因，其等位基因频率分布在0．0724—0．4663之间；平均杂合度为0．7811，个体识别力均大于0．8，累积个体识别力大于0．9999999999，累积非父排除率大于0．999999998。广西瑶族检出436个基因型，145个等位基因，其等位基因频率分布在0．0029～0．5514之间；平均杂合度为0．7839，个体识别力除TPOX位点外均大于0．8，累积个体识别力大于0．999999999，累积非父排除率大于0．999999505。（2）15个STR位点在广西苗族和瑶族之间，有8个等位基因频率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），7个等位基因差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论（1）广西苗族和瑶族15个STR位点（除瑶族的TPOX位点外）均具有高度遗传多态性，是群体遗传学研究和法医学鉴定的可选位点。（2）广西苗族和瑶族之间，15个STR位点中有8个位点的等位基因频率存在差异。

Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of 15 short tandem repeat （STR） （D2S1338,D3S1358,D5S818,D7S820, DSS1179,D13S317 ,D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA, FGA） between Miao and Yao nationality from Guangxi, and compare the genetic diversity between Miao and Yao nationality. Methods The DNAs were extracted from unrelated individual in Miao and Yao samples. The genotype of 15 STIR loci were analyzed by PCR-STR and genescan. Obtain the genetics parameter and carry out the diversity between Miao and Yao nationality. Results （ 1 ） There were 148 STR alleles and 445 genotypes in 15 STR loci of Miao nationality,with allele frequencies ranging from 0.0024 to 0.4663 ;the average heterozygosity was 0. 7811 ,the discrimination power was higher than 0.8 ; the accumulative discrimination power was more than 0. 9999999999, and the probability of paternity exclusion was more than 0. 999999998. Mso there were 145 STR alleles and 436 genotypes in 15 STR loci of Yao nationality, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.0029 to 0. 5514, the average heterozygosity was 0. 7839, the discrimination power was higher than 0. 8 except the TPOX locus, the accumulative discrimination power was more than 0. 999999999 , and the probability of paternity exclusion was more than 0. 999999505. （2） The diversity of the allele frequencies of nine STR loci were statistically significant differences, and that of other six STR loci were not. Conclusion （ 1 ） The 15 STR loci of Miao and Yao nationality in Guangxi possesses the characteristics of high genetic diversity,except for the TPOX locus. They can be employed in ethnic genetics investigation, individual and paternity test in forensic medicine. （2） The allele frequencies of D13S317, D19S433, D21S11, D7S820, D2S1338, D16S539, HUMTPOX, D18S51, were different between Miao and Yao nationality in Guangxi.