试论哈耶克对“本真”自由的“还原”及其意义

Liberty and Its Variants:Hayek's Contribution to Freedom

自由是政治哲学中的一个核心概念,但人们对自由的理解却五花八门。哈耶克在对几种常见的被人们冠以自由的术语,如政治自由、内在自由、物质自由、行动自由等,逐一进行分析和澄清后,指出它们或是自由的延伸,或是自由的条件,或是对自由的比喻使用,而非"本真"意义的自由。真正的自由仅出自个体处于一种不受他人肆意干涉或强制的状态。哈耶克将自由从诸多变异中"还原"到它的"本真"状态,指出变异和虚假的"自由"最终很有可能导致对人们的压制和奴役。他对"本真"自由和虚假"自由"、自由和自由权的区分,对于人们深刻理解自由的含义有很重要的理论意义。

Freedom is a core concept of political philosophy but there are different understandings of it.Hayek distinguishes liberty from its variants or the distorted ones,such as political freedom,metaphysical freedom,and the conditions of freedom(power,wealth),and the uses of freedom.His reduction of freedom to its oldest and original meaning,a person's state of being independent of the arbitrary of will of another,can be compared in some degree to Heidegger's reduction of das Seinde to Sein.Hayek's interpretation of liberty and his understanding of its nature have great theoretical significance to a correct understanding of freedom.