302名医学生创造力及个性特征分析

Creativity and personality analysis in 302 medical students using personality questionnaires

目的了解医学生的创造力,探讨应用两种人格问卷研究人格特征的方法。方法采用卡特尔人格问卷(16PF)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对310名医学生进行测试。结果男女学生相比,内向-外向、懦弱-果断2个二级因素有显著差异性(P<0.01),创新能力男女无差异。卡特尔4个二级因素均与创新力相关(P<0.01)。此外,男生没有高分点的计数和没有低分点的计数均多于女生。艾森克内外向分量表得分非典型组与典型组,其卡特尔非正常范围得分点的计数具显著性差异。结论医学生创造力不高,医学教育应注重学生创新能力的培养;女生较男生更具有外向的个性特征,她们在16种基本人格因素上的得分容易超出正常范围,因此女生应作为群体心理健康教育的主要对象;两种人格问卷的结合应用提示卡特尔人格问卷中有5个及以上非正常分数点的学生可考虑具有典型的内外向人格,对其可进行个别心理辅导。

Objective To evaluate the creativity of medical students and study their personality characteristics using personality questionnaires. Methods This investigation was conducted among 310 medical students using 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire （16PF） and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）. Results A total of 302 students completed the questionnaires. The male and female students showed significant differences in two sub-factors with similar creativity. Four subfactors were identified to positively or inversely correlate to the creativity. The number of male students without either high or low scores was greater than that of female students. The incidences of abnormal scores in 16PF showed significant difference between students with typical EPQ scores and those with atypical scores for introversion-extroversion. Conclusions These medical students do not show high creativity in this study. Compared with the male medical students, the female students are more likely to have extroverted personality, and their scores for 16 basic personality factors easily exceed the normal ranges, suggesting the necessity of mental health education. The students with at least 5 abnormal scores in 16PF may show a typical introversion-extroversion personality, and individual psychological counseling can be considered when necessary.