不同麻醉方法对犬应激和免疫功能的影响

Effects of Different Anesthetic Techniques on Stress and Immune Function in Dogs

探讨3种麻醉方法对犬应激性神经内分泌及免疫功能的影响。18只杂交牧羊犬随机分为静松灵麻醉组(Ⅰ组)、氯胺酮麻醉组(Ⅱ组)、静松灵与氯胺酮复合麻醉组(Ⅲ组),分别在3种麻醉方法下行空肠肠侧壁切开吻合术,于麻醉前、切皮后30 min、术后4 h、1 d、3 d、7 d、15 d采血测定白细胞数和白细胞分类、红细胞C3b受体花环(RC3bRR)率、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、血清皮质醇及血浆β-内啡肽(β-EP)浓度。结果表明:(1)术后4 h、1 d各组白细胞总数、中性分叶核粒细胞数比麻醉前增加(P<0.05);(2)3组RC3bRR率在切皮后30 min至术后3 d降低(P<0.05),术后1 dⅠ组较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组低(P<0.05);(3)3组外周血淋巴细胞转化率术后1 d降低(P<0.01),Ⅲ组降低较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著(P<0.05);(4)切皮后30 min 3组血清皮质醇浓度分别较麻醉前增高(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高(P<0.05);(5)Ⅱ组血浆β-EP浓度在切皮后30 min较麻醉前增加(P<0.05),术后3 dⅡ组较Ⅰ、Ⅲ组降低(P<0.01)。复合麻醉引起的应激反应及免疫功能抑制较单一药物麻醉轻。

To study the effects of operation by different anesthetic techniques on neuroendoerine and immune responses to stress in dogs, 18 crossbreed shepherd dogs were alloted randomly into xylazole anesthesia group （group I ）, ketamine anesthesia group （group Ⅱ ） and combination anesthesia group of xylazole and ketamine （group Ⅲ ）, and the operations were performed by the three anesthetic techniques. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia induction,half an hour following incision, and at 4 h,on the 1st,3rd,7th, 15th day after operation. Total leukocytes,the erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette （RC3bRR） rate,lymphocyte transformation rate,the serum level of cortisol and the plasma level of β-endorphin （β-EP） were measured respectively. Results showed that （1）Total white blood cells and the percentage of neutrophil in every group increased at 4 h and on the 1st day post-operation（P〈0.05）. （2）The RCabRR rate in each group decreased from half an hour following incision to the 3rd day after operation（P〈0. 05）, and the RC3 bRR rate in group I decreased significantly compared with that in group Ⅱ or group Ⅲ. （3）Lymphocyte transformation rate in all three groups decreased on the 1st day post-operation（P〈0. 01） ,and the rate in group Ⅱ or group I was significantly lower than that in group Ⅲ （P〈 0. 05）. （4）The level of cortisol in each group increased at half an hour following incision （P〈0. 05）,while the level of cortisol in group I was higher than that in group Ⅱ or group m （P〈0. 05） and （5）The level of β-EP in group Ⅱ increased significantly at half an hour following incision （P〈0.05） ,but was lower on the 3rd day following operation than that in each of the other two groups. The magnitude of immune depression and stress response to operation under combination anesthesia of xylazole and ketamine was less than that under xylazole or ketamine used alone.