利用配合力和微卫星标记预测虹鳟品系间的杂交优势

Prediction of hybridization advantage among five strains of rainbow trout by combination ability and SSR markers

用10对SSR引物对渤海、丹麦、道氏、挪威、加州5个虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)品系进行遗传距离分析,以这些品系为亲本,用完全双列杂交方法建立50个全同胞家系,对F1个体体质量、体长进行配合力分析,以期预测各品系间配组的杂交优势。结果表明,5个虹鳟品系均具有较高程度的遗传异质性,10个位点的平均杂合度为0.8163;在道氏品系与加州品系之间,遗传距离最大,达到0.7173;丹麦品系与渤海品系间最小,仅为0.2773。一般配合力以渤海品系为最高,依次为美国道氏品系、挪威品系、丹麦品系、加州品系。而各品系配组中丹麦品系×加州品系、渤海品系×挪威品系、丹麦品系×道氏品系、渤海品系×道氏品系等均是特殊配合力较高的高效组合,对其重复试验显示,有望培育出杂种优势率较高的优势组合。实验证实,结合配合力与SSR标记分析,能有效地指导优势杂交组合的选配。

Hybridization advantages among five strains of rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）including Bohai, Danmark,Donaldson,Norway and California strain were predicted by using SSR markers and combination abilities of bodyweight and body length of first generation individuals in 50 diallel cross combinations.The results showed that there were more high genetic heterogeneity in these five stains which having mean heterozygosity 0.816 3 on 10 marker loci and there were the largest genetic distance between Donaldson and California strain reaching to 0.717 3,but the smallest between Danmark and Bohai strain reaching to 0.277 3.Bohai strain had largest general combining ability effective value 4.19 and Donaldson 1.56,Norway0.12,Danmark-2.72,California-3.16 in order,moreover,there were high effective combination among Danmark×California,Bohai×Norway,Danmark×Donaldson,Bohai×Donaldson which having high specific combining ability,so these strains were suitably as base selective populations.According to our test,the analysis of SSR markers and combining ability were relatively effective methods while establishing base selective populations,and also effectively guiding mating work during carrying out the selective breeding programme because we had got several combinations having hybrid vigor from 17%-19%in duplicate test in recent years.