城乡居民健康素养比较研究

Comparison study on the healthy literacy of residents between town and countryside

目的了解我国城乡居民的健康素养状况，为有针对性的开展健康素养干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法，选取吉林、浙江、广东、甘肃、湖北、云南6省18～69岁的城乡居民11759人进行问卷调查。结果在知识性健康素养方面，农村居民对慢性病和传染病知识知晓率较低，特别是慢性病知识（〈60．8％）。城市居民对这两类知识的掌握显著高于农村居民。城市居民对基本的营养与食品卫生相关知识掌握较好（〉72．2％），而农村居民对这些知识的掌握则不足（〈59．3％）。在其他方面，城乡居民都对最基本的急救常识、心理卫生知识有一定的了解。城乡居民个人卫生行为形成率较高（城市居民〉90．7％，农村居民〉76．0％），但其他健康行为特别是体检行为（城市居民37．9％，农村居民26．6％）和体育锻炼行为（城市居民52．2％，农村居民17．0％）形成率则较差。城乡居民都具有较高的信念性健康素养（城市居民〉78．8％，农村居民〉61．6％）。在功能性健康素养方面，城乡居民在就医时沟通和清楚介绍病情能力最好（城市居民〉73．8％，农村居民〉66．2％），对健康词汇的认知能力最低。结论城乡居民健康素养水平存在着较大差别，应该根据城乡居民的不同特点开展针对健康素养的健康教育和健康促进工作。

Objective To understand the health literacy status of town and countryside residents, and to provide reference for further directional intervention on health literacy. Methods By using the method of multi-stage sampling, II 759 residents from Jilin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Gansu, Huboi, and Yunnan province were investigated. Results In respects of health knowledge, the awareness rate of communicable diseases and chronic diseases of countryside residents was low, especially chronic disease awareness （ less than 60. 8% ）. The town residents＇ awareness rate of chronic diseases and communicable diseases was higher than countryside residents＇ . Town residents well grasped the knowledge of nutrition and food hygiene （ more than 72. 2% ） , but it was poor in countryside residents （ less than 59. 3% ）. In other aspects of health knowledge both town and countryside residents grasped some elementary knowledge of first-aid and psychohygiene. The healthy behavior forming rate of personal hygiene in both town and countryside residents was high （ town residents more than 90. 7, countryside residents more than 76. 0% ）. But other healthy behaviors rate was low, especially physical examination （ town residents 37.9% , countryside residents 26.6% ） and physical training （ town residents 52. 2%, countryside residents 17.0% ）. Both town and countryside residents had high health belief （town residents more than 78.8% , countryside residents more than 61.6% ）. In respects of functional health literacy, the ability of communicating with the doctor was the best （ town residents more than 73.8% , countryside residents more than 66. 2% ） and the ability of acknowledging healthy vocabulary was the worst both in town and countryside residents. Conclusion There was significant difference in health literacy between town and countryside residents. We should develop health education and health promotion work on health literacy respectively according to the characteristics of town and countryside residents.