民国时期中国大学崛起的动因分析

A Cause Analysis of the Emergence of Modern Chinese University in the Period of Minguo

中国本有大学,但中国现代意义上的大学不是中国传统的大学。现代意义上的中国大学崛起于民国时期。本研究在了解民国时期高等教育发展历程概况的基础上,着重从总体层面上民国成立前后的国内外社会背景分析;以及具体层面上,国内的上层力量——政府、教育行政当局;民间力量——社会各界先进力量,即校长蔡元培的教育思想和私立大学;国外帝国主义对中国的多元影响——教会大学、留学教育、杜威为代表的西方教育理论和学说等方面解析民国时期中国大学崛起的社会动因。

The university appears in ancient China. But the modern Chinese university was not the traditional Chinese university in ancient China. The emergence of modern Chinese university dated back to the period of Minguo. Based on the development process of China＇s higher education and modern university, this article will focus on three parts, which mainly are ——the foundation laid by the late Qing Dynasty of China＇ s modern university system and its concept; less stringent domestic political, ideological environment; and the stimulation promoted by imperialist forces.