某蓄电池厂铅污染及铅作业工人尿铅水平调查

Survey on Lead Pollution and Urine Lead Level in Lead-exposed Workers of A Battery Factory

目的了解某蓄电池厂铅污染状况和铅作业工人尿铅水平,为制定相应的职业卫生对策提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究,选取41名铅作业工人作为接触组,40名不接触铅作业工人作为对照组。用冷消化双硫腙分光光度法测定尿铅含量,用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测作业场所空气中铅浓度,分析尿铅含量与空气中铅浓度、工种、工龄及性别的关系。结果该企业车间空气浓度的超标率为20.83%,接触组的尿铅超标率为63.41%,尿铅超标率和平均值在接触组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各工种的尿铅超标率不存在统计学差异,空气浓度未超标车间也存在工人尿铅超标现象。尿铅含量与工龄性别之间差异无统计学意义。结论该蓄电池厂的铅作业工人受到明显的职业危害。企业必须采取有效的防治措施,改善职工作业环境,加强自我保护意识,定期监测,定期体检,保护职工身体健康。

[ Objective] To understand the situation of lead contamination and urine lead level of Lead-exposed workers in a battery factory, and provide evidence for formulation of appropriate occupational health countermeasures. [ Methods] 41 lead-exposed workers were selected as exposed group, while 40 non-lead-exposed workers were selected as control group. Dithizone spectrometry was adopted to determine lead content in urine, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to determine air lead concentration. The relationship among urine lead content and air lead concentration, jobs, length of service and gender were analyzed. [ Results] The over standard rate of air lead concentration was 20.83% in workshop, that of urine lead was 63. 14% in exposed group; the differences between exposed group and control group was significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The difference of urine lead over standard rate between jobs was not significant, the phenomenon of excessive lead in urine existed in the workshop where the air lead concentration was not over standard. The differences of urine lead content between lengths of service and genders were not significant. [ Conclusion] Lead-exposure is proved to be the obvious occupational hazard for the workers in this battery factory. The enterprise should take effective preventive measures to improve the operating environment, strengthen self-protection awareness, regular monitoring, conduct periodic medical examinations to protect the health of workers.