基于EI及MAC混合算法的斜拉桥传感器优化布置

Optimal Sensor Placement of Cable-Stayed Bridge Using Mixed Algorithm Based on Effective Independence and Modal Assurance Criterion Methods

提出一种传感器优化布置算法,结合有效独立法和模态置信保证准则(Modal Assurance Criterion,简称MAC法)的优点,解决了采用MAC法进行传感器优化布置时所遇到的问题。首先,利用列主元QR分解技术得到MAC法确定传感器位置的初始测点,然后用有效独立法确定侯选添加测点的范围,避免了添加测点的盲目性,从侯选测点中选择满足MAC矩阵非对角元素最小的测点,添加到初始测点中,不断循环直至达到要求,上述算法采用matlab7.0编制程序实现。最后,以五河口大桥为研究对象,运用程序对五河口大桥主梁作了不同数目测点方案的传感器优化布置研究。结果表明,混合算法不仅保证了所测向量的MAC矩阵非对角元素值较小,而且具有较好的线性独立性和空间交角。

A novel algorithm named united method is presented for optimal sensor placement.The algorithm takes full advantage of merits of both effective independence(EI) and modal assurance criterion(MAC) methods,and resolves the problem existing in the MAC method to locate the optimal sensor placement.Firstly,to acquire the initial measuring point,the technique based on a column principal component QR decomposition is adopted.Secondly,the candidate points to be added are determined by using the effective independent method,which avoids the blindness and random of adding points.Thirdly,some candidate points are added to the measuring point cluster and the chosen points should meet the demand of the minimum no-diagonal element.The last step will not break until the required measuring points are obtained.The algorithm is coded by using Matlab 7.0.A cable-stayed bridge is chosen to test the mixed method and several optimal sensor placement projects with different measuring points are offered.The results show that the mixed method can not only ensure the minimum none-diagonal component value of the MAC matrix but also ensure the measured vector linear independence and the maximum space angle.