小学儿童自我控制结构的研究

Self-control Structure of Primary School Students

儿童从幼儿园进入小学,面临新的学习任务、生活环境和各种心理适应的挑战。研究小学儿童自我控制的测评结构,对促进自我控制的培养尤为重要。采用教师评定问卷,选取小学1～6年级学生1097人,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,结果发现,小学儿童的自我控制能力包括自觉性、坚持性、自我延迟满足、自制力和计划性五个维度。依据验证结果设计情景实验,与问卷结果比较发现,二者存在较高的一致性。小学儿童自我控制教师评定问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为了解和评估小学儿童自我控制能力的工具。

Self-control plays critical role in human＇s adjustment to the society. When children turn into primary school from kindergarten, in face of new learning tasks, strange it is important to study self-control structure of pupils＇ to facilitate the environment and mental challenge, training self-control. Through the questionnaire of teacher rating, selecting 1097elementary students range from 1 to 6 grade, the study found that consciousness, persistence, self-delay-gratification, inhibition to impulse and plan composed serf-controlof pupils; five studies tested the extent to which trait self-control predicts performance on laboratory tests of behavioral self-control from questionnaire. The self-control questionnaire of primary school students from teachers＇ rating will become an instrument for understanding and measuring children self-control because of its better reliability and consistency.