视屏显示终端作业对骨骼肌肉系统影响的调查

Effect of Visual Display Terminals on Operators' Musculoskeletal System

目的探讨视屏显示终端(VDT)作业对骨骼肌肉系统的影响。方法采用断面流行病学方法,对337名从事VDT作业人员及203名对照组工人进行调查研究,用问卷调查、健康检查资料分析VDT作业对骨骼肌肉系统的影响。结果VDT组的骨骼肌肉酸痛不适的自觉症状的检出率为31.1%,其中以颈部(25.2%)、肩膀(19.3%)、下背部(18.1%)为主,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VDT组的颈椎及腰椎X线异常检出率分别为24.1%、17.3%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);其中以颈曲变直(18.4%)、颈椎骨质增生(13.9%)、颈椎椎间隙变窄(9.8%)、腰椎骨质增生(13.6%)、腰椎退行性改变(11.3%)为主,分别高于对照组的相应的检出率,(均P<0.05);VDT组颈椎及或腰椎出现改变的平均患病年龄(34.9±7.3)岁,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论VDT作业可能引起骨骼肌肉系统功能性及器质性损伤。

[ Objective] To explore the effect of visual display terminals （VDT） operation on musculoskeletal system. [ Methods] A cross-sectional study was conducted on 337 VDT workers as exposure group and 203 cases for control group, questionnaire survey and occupational health examination was adopted to analyze the effect of （ VDT） operation on musculoskeletal system. [ Results ] The rate of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort symptoms in the VDT group was 31.1% , the main sick sites were neck （ 25.2% ） , shoulder （ 19.3 % ） , lower back （ 18.1% ） , significantly higher than that of control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The abnormality rate of X-ray on cervical and lumbar vertebrae in VDT group were 24. 1% and 17. 3 % , significantly higher than that of control group （P 〈0.05）. Main X-ray changes were neck straight （18.4% ） , cervical bone hyperplasia （13.9%） , cervical vertebra gap narro- wing （9.8% ） , lumbar hyperplasia （ 13.6% ） and lumbar degeneration （ 11.3% ） , significantly higher than that of control group（ all P 〈 0.05 ） ; the average age of prevalence on cervical and lumbar was 34.9± 7.3, significantly younger than the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. [ Conclusion] VDT operations may cause musculoskeletal organic and functional injury.