论先秦儒家中庸之异

On the Difference of Mean Between Confucians of Pre-Qin Dynasty

中庸作为先秦儒家的重要范畴,在"何为中"问题上,大儒们的回答有所不同。孔子将其视为哲学方法论意义上的"道",从全局和全面出发,主张"全为中";子思将中庸上升为宇宙的本体,并认为诚是上达该本体的唯一正确途径,从而提出"诚为中";孟子从性善论出发,必然推演为"仁义为中";荀子为恢复孔子的中庸之道,纠偏思孟的"德性为中",倡导"规范为中"。

Mean was one of the important categories of Pre-Qin dynasty,views about＂what is the Mean＂ were different. Confucius saw it the＂Dao＂ of philosophical methodology,and suggested that ＂the whole is the mean＇;Zisi saw it the noumenon of cosmos, and thought that sincerity was the only right way to get it, therefore, the conclusion must be that＂sincerity is the Mean＂;Mencius deduced that ＂benevolence is the Mean＂ from his theory of good human nature; Xunzi proposed that＂norm is the Mean＂ to rectify a deviation of ＂virtue is the Mean＂ of Zisl and Mencius for recovering the Dao of Confucius.