农民工阶层的人权现状与保护研究

On the Situation and Protection of Human Rights of the Peasant Worker Stratum

在当代中国的社会转型过程中,社会分层越来越明显,而农民工已发展成为人数众多的一个特殊群体。但作为一个新的社会阶层,他们的权利现状不容乐观,大量侵犯农民工权益案件均呈现出阶层性歧视、低工资、工伤和职业病高发等共同特征,这表明农民工已经成为一个社会弱势阶层。为加强农民工人权保护,需要从农民工的阶层属性出发,突出农民工人权保护的阶层特征。从这个视角出发,在立法层面上,应通过法律的立改废活动,承认农民工的权利主体资格,对农民工阶层给予特殊的法律制度安排;在执法层面上,应强化政府责任,突出政府在保护弱势阶层中的特殊责任;在司法层面上,应建立针对性的司法保护渠道,给农民工阶层的权利保护以及时的救济;在社会组织方面,应发挥工会等社会组织对农民工阶层权利保护的社会责任,从而构建起一个完整的农民工阶层人权保护体系。

According to the ontology of human rights, we think that the human rights not only have international, regional, national attribute but also have the social stratum attribute. Vulnerable groups often need the law to give them the special protection, to make the special institutional arrangements. At present, the peasant workers have become a new social stratum, but there arc many problems abut protecting their human rights, such as social stratum discrimination, low wages, working injury and occupational disease. This indicates that the peasant workers have already become a social vulnerable stratum. In order to protect their rights, we should take more the peasant worker social stratum attribute into consideration than the individual human rights. The legislative institution should amend the laws, acknowledge the peasant worker＇s legal subject qualification and give them the special legal institutional arrangements. Government should strengthen their responsibility to protect human rights of the social vulnerable stratum. The court should establish the judicial relievable channel to protect human rights of the peasant worker stratum. The trade union should also give them help. In a word, we should establish a complet protection system to protect human rights of the peasant worker stratum.