高龄患者人工股骨头置换过程中采用不同麻醉方式的比较

Anesthesia methods during artificial femoral head replacement in elderly patients

高龄患者股骨颈骨折后行人工股骨头置换者日渐增多,由于患者常合并有多种疾病,且重要器官功能低下,这无形中增加了麻醉和置换的风险。人工股骨头置换的麻醉方法有硬膜外麻醉、硬-腰联合麻醉、全身麻醉等。人工股骨头置换常见麻醉并发症有呼吸系统并发症、出血和输血并发症、深静脉血栓和肺栓塞、骨水泥并发症与神经系统并发症等,根据病情选择适当的麻醉方式、严格持续的监测、及时妥当的处理,有助于降低麻醉风险。

Artificial femoral head replacement is commonly performed in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. However, the patients are always complicated by other diseases and their major organ functions are low, which increases risks of anesthesia and replacement. The anesthesia methods for artificial femoral head replacement include epidural anesthesia, combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and general anesthesia. Respiratory system and nervous system complications, bleeding and transfusion complications, deep venous thrombosis and lung embolism, and bone cement-associate complications are common complications in anesthesia for femoral head replacement. Therefore, appropriate anesthesia pattern, rigid monitoring, and proper treatment can reduce anesthesia risks.