骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为神经元的理论研究现状

Research progress in the differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons in vitro

骨髓间充质干细胞除了分化为间质细胞谱系外,还具有向非间质细胞谱系,如神经细胞分化的多向分化潜能,可充当多种器官改建或损伤后修复反应的细胞源。骨髓间充质干细胞的多向分化潜能和超强的自我更新能力,在细胞和基因治疗中可能更具有优越性。值得注意的是,无论是自体移植还是异体移植,局部移植还是全身注入,均未引起宿主体内的免疫反应,提示骨髓间充质干细胞可在基因治疗中作为理想的基因转移载体。尽管骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的研究已获得了一些令人鼓舞的结果,并且自体骨髓间充质干细胞用于个体化治疗已经取得了较满意的动物试验和初步临床试验结果,但仍存在许多尚待解决的问题。

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） cannot only differentiate into mesenchymocyte lineage but also into nonmesenchymocyte lineage, such as neural cells. BMSCs can be used as a cell source for organ construction or cell repair. Because of the multi-directional differentiation capacity and self-update, BMSCs have more superiority within cell and gene therapy It is remarkable that BMSCs could not induce immunity reaction in host through autotransplantation, allograft or whole-body injection. Thus, BMSCs could be an ideal gene transfer vector. Although we have got some exciting outcome about differentiation from BMSCs to neuron and satisfactory results about autotransplantation in animal experiment and initial clinical experiment outcomes, many uncertainties deserve further studies.