肌萎缩侧索硬化症的干细胞移植治疗与进展

Research progress in stem cell transplantation for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

肌萎缩侧索硬化症是一种致死性神经变性疾病,尚无有效治疗措施,干细胞因具有分化成运动神经元的潜能而受到极大关注。用于肌萎缩侧索硬化治疗的干细胞包括胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、脐带血非造血干细胞及诱导产生多能性干细胞。其治疗的作用机制主要分为3种:细胞替代、神经营养因子释放和免疫调节。虽然动物研究和部分临床试验已证明干细胞对神经变性疾病的治疗非常有潜力,但到目前为止,人们对干细胞的了解仍存在许多盲区,依然有大量问题需要解决。

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that targets motor neurons without efficient treatment. Stem cell receives the enormous attention because it from specific tissues can differentiate into motor neuron. Stem cells from specific tissues could be used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, such as embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The mechanism of stem-cell therapy includes cell-replacement, delivery neurotrophic factors and immunomodulation. Animal researches and some clinical trails have confirmed that stem cells have great potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Till now, people are still unknown some aspects of stem cells, and many problems still need to be resolved.