表皮干细胞向皮肤附件诱导分化的研究近况

Differentiation from epidermal stem cells into skin appendages

皮肤组织工程技术为烧伤创面的修复提供了新的方法,但现有各类组织工程皮肤也面临着共同的难题,突出表现在:没有完整的皮肤功能,尤其是缺乏毛囊、皮脂腺和汗腺等,难以达到完全意义上的"功能愈合"。表皮干细胞作为皮肤组织的特异性干细胞,与创面修复紧密相关,是维持皮肤新陈代谢的主要功能细胞和皮肤及其附属器发生、修复、改建的基础。表皮干细胞具有无限增殖潜能及多向分化潜能,通过整合素-丝裂原激活蛋白激酶通路、Wnt/β-连环素-Lef/Tcf信号通路、神经肽等途径诱导分化形成毛囊、皮脂腺、汗腺及表皮等组织。由于表皮干细胞向皮肤附件诱导分化研究尚存在许多问题,目前大部分是关于表皮干细胞向皮肤附件诱导分化的动物实验研究,而其广泛的临床应用研究有待进一步发展。

Tissue engineering skin technique provides a new method to repair the burned wound, but all of the tissue engineering skin also have a common disadvantages, that is, without integrated skin function. They are all lack of skin appendages, such as hair follicle, sebaceous gland and eccrine sweat gland, and the ＂functional tissue engineering skin＂ can not be constructed. As the specific stem cells in skin tissues, epidermal stem cells play a kev role in maintaining wound repair, metabolism of skin, occurrence, repairing and rebuilding of the skin and its appendages. The epidermal stem cells which posses high proliferative potential and multipotent, are induced and differentiated into skin and its appendages such as hair follicle, sebaceous gland and sweat gland through Integrin-MAPK pathway, Wnt/β-catenin-Lef/Tcf signal pathway, neuropeptide and so on. Because differentiation from epidermal stem cells into skin appendages has many questions, so far, there are many animal researches, but its extensive clinical application research deserves further development.