“总”和“一直”的语义、句法对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Semantics and Syntax between "总"and"一直"

时间副词"总"和"一直"的用法既有区别又有相似之处。语义方面:"总"的语义特点是强调行为或状态的反复出现,不表示静态的无变化的行为或状态的持续;"一直"表示动作持续不断或状态持续不变。一直"与"总"在频度义上有相通的地方,这提供了两者在句中互换的基础。句法方面:"总"和"一直"在句法形式上的区别主要表现在"总"和"一直"对VP的选择不同;"总"和"一直"对与之共现的时态成分的选择也不一样。

There are both differences and similarities in the usage between the time adverbs zong （总） and yizhi （一直）. We adopt such methods as comparative analysis, example analysis to illustrate the differences and similarities between the two words. The following findings are based on the study ： 1. In the respect of semantics, zong （ 总） emphasizes the repetitive appearance of behavior or state and it does not indicate the stably unchangeable behavior or state. Yizhi （一直）denotes a continued action or sustained state. The frequent meaning of yizhi （一直） and zong （ 总） are similar that allow the exchange of the two words in sentences. 2. In the respect of syntax, zong （ 总） and yizhi （一直） are different mainly in the following two aspects： A） zong （总） and yizhi （一直） have different choices of VP; B） zong （总） and yizhi （一直） have differences in choosing the tense composition.