模型试验与数值模拟对尾矿坝稳定性综合预测

Model test and numerical simulation of tailing dam safety forecasting

为探析设计中的小打鹅尾矿坝在未来运行中的稳定性，遂以小打鹅尾矿库设计资料为依据，采用尾矿坝堆坝物理模型试验方法模拟了该尾矿坝堆积的全过程，探析尾矿颗粒在库内的分布与沉积特征、坝体浸润线的埋深及变化规律，在此基础上运用ANSYS非线性软件对该尾矿坝在正常运行和洪水运行两种工况条件下进行数值模拟，综合预测了尾矿坝在未来运行中的稳定性。结果表明：堆坝初期干滩面较短；堆坝中后期浸润线埋深基本保持在6～10cm下相对稳定的位置；水流对尾矿的分选作用不很明显，在库水位置尾矿出现明显细化现象；正常运行下坝体是稳定的，洪水情况下坝体浸润线偏高、受力较大，相对比较危险，必须采取相应排渗措施。

To explore the safety of dam in future operation, we study the stability of Xiaodae tailing dam, Sichuan Province, P. R. China, via model testing and numerical simulation according to preliminary dam design information. The results show that the deposited beach length initially is shorter and the depth of the saturation line in a tailing dam is relative shallow. The length of deposited beach is relatively long in the middle and later periods, and the saturation line maintains a relatively stable position. The numerical simulation shows that horizontal dam displacement is 0. 68 m and the greatest vertical displacement is 3.44 m at the dam vertices when the dam reaches the designed elevation. Meanwhile, the dam possesses normal stability. The largest shear stress in flooding exceeds that of normal conditions and the dam saturation line is higher. Unless measures are taken, these conditions will influence dam security.